Clients need to install special client software. First, the workload related to the installation, followed by any computer problems, such as viruses, hardware damage, we need to install or maintain. In particular, there are many branch or store conditions, not the workload, but the distance problem. Also, system software upgrades, each client needs to re-install, maintain and upgrade its cost is very high. The client operating system will usually have restrictions. May be adapted to Win98, but not for win2000 or Windows XP. Or does not apply to Microsoft new operating system, etc., not to mention Linux, Unix, etc.
well-designed smart client applications to maximize the deployment of code and data on the client and executed locally and access this fact. It provides applications with a rich and responsive user interface, and powerful client-side processing capabilities. For example, it may enable users to perform complex data manipulation, visualization, search or sort operations.
by caching data on the client, we can significantly improve application performance and availability, but we must ensure proper refresh the data and not use old data. Because many users can access and use the same data, we must also consider the impact of data concurrency. Our application must be able to handle the data appear consistent with the conflict or problem, because the application is now more widely distributed and can be off-line operation.
smart client problem is different from the thin client architecture, and we need to design our applications to be considered. Smart client application has significant advantages, but we can only solve these problems properly before it can achieve these benefits.
u security issues are emerging
two. B / S structure characteristics
Microsoft Office 2003 has many smart client used to generate solutions to key features and options. The features and options include:? Smart tags. Smart tags provide a way for the application can provide users with context-related content of the document data, users working within a document, you can easily see through this method and use of relevant information. For example, the use of smart tags, and can refer clients to provide the document within the appropriate customer account status, order ID or you can type to provide order status information. This context-sensitive feedback so that users can work in more informed decisions. ? Intelligence documents. Smart documents provide users with a more powerful document and business Web services interact. Smart documents are Word 2003 and Excel 2003 (XML-based structure and they have a custom task pane), a new solution model. You can use the task pane displayed to the user context information, tasks, tools, follow-up procedures and other relevant information. Users can interact with the task pane to start other actions and tasks, which can build integrated business solutions. ? For the Microsoft Office System Microsoft Visual Studio_ tools. The tool kit allows developers using Microsoft Visual Studio. NET 2003 development system to create managed code Office smart client applications. Developers can document separate from the underlying code solution (previously included with custom logic with Visual Basic for Applications macro model compared to the smart client, which is an alternative solution). By managed code used in conjunction with Microsoft Office, developers can get more for the smart client solutions to create, deploy and manage updates of valid options. ? Microsoft Office InfoPath? 2003. InfoPath 2003 is able to use similar forms interface to collect structural data from the user application. InfoPath 2003 provides support for XML Web services (a form-based user interface) support, as well as standard technologies (such as WSDL and UDDI) support. InfoPath 2003 supports a limited offline use, by allowing the user to interact with the form offline, and then allow the user when the form is forwarded to the online Web services. For a detailed description of Office 2003 in Microsoft MSDN Web site can be found, where we can not do a detailed introduction.
B / S structure to emerge from the application of the network changes the amount converted to a qualitative leap in the results. He played a full client easy to use and does not require too much maintenance. But with the Internet rapidly increases above the computer. Slowly due to a request received by the server more and more and more and more complex service requirements, which makes a lot more load on the server, network efficiency is also reduced. Clients are also asked to do simple things are not limited to browsing. To solve this contradiction, the need to solve many problems. Such as hardware requirements, software design, software architecture requirements. Conflict also affected the deterioration of the network at a faster pace. Microsoft, in this period presents a dilemma to C / S structure and B / S structure integrates the technical bit – Smart Client (Smart Client), to address the expanding demand. The use of C / S structure flexibility and resources to take full advantage of the ability of the client, coupled with B / S structure of the simple means of communication. Software system architecture for the proposed new way of thinking. We will be detailed later in front of three structures do explain, but also on the new Smart Client technology to make a discussion.
u application server running the data load is heavy.
Windows smart client applications usually best suited for the desktop PC, laptop PC or tablet PC running the application. In addition, they usually do not provide a specific document or document type with closely related functions.
u
complex system in which these changes, the software structure of the system – the software implementation, but also constantly changing. From the early days of computers are stand-alone work, the structure of the software will only stand-alone applications. With the development needs of human beings increases, slowly stand-alone system can not meet the increasingly large and complex work. Network came into being at this time.
increasingly common use of networks, people and software for network system requirements are constantly increasing. This growing demand for the previous approach to software development and software architecture that are difficult to meet people greed brought new problems. This is inevitable, technological development and human development is the fundamental driving force. People for the original problem is getting the software system can not tolerate, they requested change requires the existing problems are all solved. This must be a new solution to overcome the original C / S structure and the B / S structure or some other non-mainstream structure gives us problems.
u system is a powerful software system in a large extent the division of labor, it can bring to the system more powerful. Because the system can be relatively independent of each part of the completion of more specific work, so you can reduce the load of each functional module. Fully consider the module logic.
traditional rich client with some of the biggest problems deploying or updating an application in time. Many fat client applications with a large number of complex installation requirements, and may by registered components and / or installation of the DLL in a public place to share code, resulting in application vulnerabilities and update difficult.
now we should be C / S and B / S structure gives us the advantages and disadvantages have a rough idea. Typically, people will find to solve a problem before the solution error, to find in a good part of these programs, some of them good leave, then the use of more advanced ideas and technology will overcome the bad part .
using local resources
http://blog.csdn.net/wantsfly/article/details/4679 35
software applications in the process has encountered many problems, from the initial software a variety of post-crisis to resolve the crisis of high-level language and project management approach, is to address the growing demand because customers brought, the software provides functionality to the software implementation of the various requirements. Because of this growth is people own learning and work and the deepening of an inherent human potential changes caused by the pursuit of. This makes software development but also with the growing desire of people combined.
smart client can be designed for occasionally connected to the network to provide users with functionality, allowing users to clear off, use low-bandwidth or high latency network, or intermittent connectivity, to continue to efficiently work. For mobile applications, smart client can also optimize the network bandwidth – for example, by sending a request to the server volume in order to make better use of expensive connections.
in the C / S applications, most of the structure of the software only runs on the LAN, WAN site because for some security reasons for the client software easy to use on the server caused by the attack. With the rapid development of Internet, mobile office and distributed office is becoming increasingly popular, which requires that our system has good scalability. This approach requires a dedicated remote access technology, while the system specifically designed to handle distributed data. Then C / S structure is less able to meet this needs.
beginning of the end only a few sporadic simple data transfer to each other, to the later phase of the requirements of resource sharing, and then later turn some nodes on the network as a dedicated resource to other terminals service and other large-scale transaction terminal. This computer based tasks of different applications divided in two basic concepts: one is the server (Server), a special purpose as a service and access to its intended service terminals; the other one is the client (Client), Application Server resources to work accordingly. The software architecture of this period from the system into stand-alone client / server architecture that is commonly referred to as C / S structure. During this period the whole of the system software and hardware are basically limited to private networks, such as the United States Department of Defense 1969 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to establish the world first packet switched network (ARPARNET). C / S structure in which a dedicated network has been considerable development. Chapter V summarizes
Although C / S structure has many advantages, but this does not mean it does not disadvantage. With the continuous development of networks, applications, more and more complex business logic, C / S shortcomings will slowly exposed. Disadvantages include what specific parts: u The developed system is relatively closed
three. B / S structure of the shortcomings
B / S structure of the major works by the client browser (such as: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape and other browsers) to send information requests to the server browser (usually the request is via HTTP and other protocols to achieve), then server-side parsing the protocol information, the corresponding information in databases or other types of equipment found, then the data is passed through the protocol to the client browser; browser and then in a special way the information feedback to the user.
When the user must access many applications to complete its work, particularly useful for composite applications. For example, call center customer service agents often have to use many LOB applications, including desktop applications, browser-based applications and terminal-based applications. All of these LOB applications can be hosted to provide integration between their normal Windows Forms application, which greatly simplifies the user work, the most important thing is to reduce the time spent on a particular call. General case to the host by providing these LOB applications, can be different solutions in development, testing and reuse common infrastructure functions, such as security, deployment, window management, application integration, auditing, etc., so that the LOB application developers can focus on business functions. Service-oriented architecture has the meaning that you can design your smart client to use network services. All such services are provided by industry-standard way, which improves interoperability, developer tools, support, and smart client applications built the ease of the new features.
three. C / S structure of the shortcomings
u too much to consider in developing the client display problems
by using Visual Studio. NET smart device project, you can develop. NET Compact Framework running on the Smart Client side. Using this method, you can in the ultra-small desktop device simulator using Visual Studio. NET to develop, test and debug applications. Greatly accelerate the use of simulators of these types of application development and testing. Introduction
Microsoft is using this approach, timely introduction of a new solution – Smart Client (Smart Client). With this solution C / S structure and the B / S structure inherited advantages, disadvantages of these structures by some of the more advanced technology to overcome them. Use this program to meet the technological revolution and the area under the new, more complex needs.
u long development cycle
smart client can consume and use different network services and data. They are from many different sources and effective way to retrieve data, and can be designed for the data analysis or integration, enabling users to be more effective and informed decisions. For example, the smart client can use the mapping service to provide location information and driving directions.
u provide the flexibility of the client device
u support occasionally connected clients
smart client application connection properties so that it can provide valuable data integration, analysis, and conversion services. They allow users real-time collaboration, or a period of time to complete the task. In many cases, smart client applications can provide users with functionality similar to portal, which will be completely different data and services to be coordinated and integrated into the overall solution.
in the C / S more and more exposed to the shortcomings of the time, in order to overcome the Client / Server architecture of the problems, people began looking for a better solution to solve their own higher requirements . Then Browser (browser) was born, the new things to bring a new software architecture thought. We can read the server-side browser to the information provided to us. Browser, which handles some general agreement to provide information to users. So clients no longer need so much software deployment. Customers can also request through the browser, with a protocol to request the appropriate service. This is the birth of Browser / Server architecture (browser / server architecture).
we know anything of the development is spiral. Any one thing, there are always contradictions of its opposite. Whether we make any choice there is always more than one candidate for another program or another we lose confidence in the current program. This is why the C / S and B / S structure of the emergence and development of an inevitable momentum. We can not say that C / S or B / S is not good, too, can not say that there will be a better solution allows us to really solve all our problems.
Note:. NET framework can help us achieve smart client applications that many of the features. The framework provides a solid with the self-describing and bind the assembly, and support a separate and parallel installation of multiple versions of applications, helping to reduce the fat client is associated with application deployment and vulnerability. . NET Framework base class library to interact with Web services provide a wide range of support, and provides a Windows Forms. By using the common language runtime (CLR), you can use any subject. NET supported languages ??to develop smart client.
These issues have brought us a lot of inconvenience, and we have the structure of the software development was confused. Many people have one of their new and different solutions to solve these problems. However, due to technology and many other reasons. Become increasingly difficult to make such an attempt. People are looking forward to a new revolution to change everything now.
in the C / S structure has not formed before the information systems generally use file-sharing manner, through direct access to the database to achieve the purpose of data sharing. Client / Server architecture strictly defines client and server-side processing of information and data range. The client to access server-side data, some based on a specific description language, the first request information is passed to the server side, the relevant modules from the server-side client identification and processing of this request. After processing the request, the server side and then the results back to the client. It only a visit to the end of the process. In this work, the server and client functions in detail distinction, and based on division of labor so that information can be protected.
Microsoft Office System 2003 provides us to build smart client applications (especially in a corporate setting) a useful platform. Through the Office smart client solutions, we can access through the Web service data source and Word 2003, Excel 2003, InfoPath 2003 or other Office applications integrate the functionality to develop smart client solutions. This Office smart client applications can become the organization information management integrated part of the cycle, not just a static document data container. When a user working within a document, they can provide context-sensitive data, and can open the Web service data into useful information for workflow and task guidance, data analysis, collaboration, reporting and presentation capabilities.
Smart clients can use client-side hardware resources (such as telephone or barcode reader) and other software and applications. This makes them ideally suited to solve the thin-client applications (such as point of sale terminal applications) can not be well resolved. Smart clients can also take advantage of local software (such as Microsoft Office applications) installed on the client computer or any LOB applications. By creating applications with multiple LOB applications integration and coordination of these solutions, your users can work more effectively, make better decisions, and reduce data entry errors. Such solutions can also make your application more closely integrated with the user work environment (for example, by using a self-defined or the familiar user interface), thereby reducing training costs. Through the smart client application integration or coordination of other client applications to provide consistent and efficient overall solution. These applications should also understand the context of the application being used, and should adapt to the context to help users as much as possible; for example, by using the user cache mode or pre-empt the role of appropriate and useful data.
3. Mobile smart client application to provide customer premises equipment
flexibility
. NET Compact Framework with full. NET Framework many of the features, support for XML, and consume Web services. It is optimized for ultra-small desktop device in use, and it contains the user interface for developing Windows Forms Designer.
C / S structure, Ye Hao B / S structure Ye Hao or Smart Client (Smart Client) Ye Hao these structures are just some of our local problems to solve when it is generated. Next generation can not say that the more the structure of the more suitable for us. We can only continue to learn through their own choice for progressive structure of our own to complete the work in the future. Each structure has its own scope, each structure has a variety of advantages and disadvantages.
u too much trouble to install and maintain
one. C / S structure of the profile
u u the whole system is too dependent on network security issues are emerging
Microsoft Office support for XML, and can that data with other aspects of the document separately, so that it can be used by other applications re- to use. Because Microsoft Office application data in multiple applications by the same customer-defined XML schema description, so developers can integrate these data into the smart client application.
smart client applications usually have all kinds of requirements, design and implementation, there will be a great difference. However, all smart clients have some or all of the following characteristics:
u can only install and update to provide
Client / Server (also known as fat client) is installed on the client and server in different logical implementation of the software, then the software has been negotiated through a way of communication, resource sharing and service delivery structure.
smart client application should connect as much as possible, and should take advantage of the resources used by the network and services. They should not be a standalone application, and should always constitute the greater part of the distributed solution. Smart Client applications should use at least help to maintain the application and provide deployment and update services, centralized services.
the client can have a very friendly interface, increasing the software ease of use, the work becomes more comfortable. Server can take advantage of their resources only to client service. So let the exchange easier.
B / S of the biggest advantages is that you can operate anywhere without having to install any special software. As long as there is a computer with Internet access can use, zero client maintenance. Expansion of the system is very easy, as long as the Internet, and then by the system administrator to assign a user name and password, you can use. Can even apply online through the company internal security certification (such as CA certificate), the human intervention, the system can automatically assign a user account into the system. And there are many other features:
reproduced address the first chapter. What is the C / S structure
u Interactive ability

one issue will inevitably lead to some new problems. Any system or any of the things that are in compliance with this principle. Because of this B / S structure of the software system is also inevitable in complying with this principle. Of course, this is because of the increasing human demand was generated.
because the structure of the system becomes complex, which directly led to the development process of the corresponding logic has changed the understanding and realization of the complex. Development cycle is bound to increase development costs and debugging costs rise along with it. This is the users, developers and investors do not want to do.
can be used in a variety of occasions, these types of Windows smart client applications, such as LOB, financial, scientific or collaborative applications. These kinds of examples of applications are Microsoft Money and Microsoft Outlook? Messaging and collaboration client.
Chapter. The problem is increasingly common use of networks, people and software for network system requirements are constantly increasing. This growing demand for the previous approach to software development and software architecture that are difficult to meet people greed brought new problems. This is inevitable, technological development and human development is the fundamental driving force. People for the original problem is getting the software system can not tolerate, they requested change requires the existing problems are all solved. This must be a new solution to overcome the original C / S structure and the B / S structure or some other non-mainstream structure gives us problems.
u simple to maintain and upgrade.
Chapter. What is the B / S structure in the C / S more and more exposed the shortcomings of the time, in order to overcome the Client / Server architecture of the problems, people began looking for a better solution to solve their own higher requirements. Then Browser (browser) was born, the new things to bring a new software architecture thought. We can read the server-side browser to the information provided to us. Browser, which handles some general agreement to provide information to users. So clients no longer need so much software deployment. Customers can also request through the browser, with a protocol to request the appropriate service. This is the birth of Browser / Server architecture (browser / server architecture).
smart client applications can run in their time or their own in the background automatically updated. The role of this function so that it can be updated one by one; to update a phased manner, which can promote the application is limited to the pilot group or groups of users; or updated in accordance with the timetable established.
B / S (Browser / Server also known as thin client) architecture which browser and server architecture. It is with the rise of Internet technology, the C / S structure, a change or improvement of the structure. In this structure, the user interface is working to achieve through the WWW browser, a very small part of the business logic in the front end (Browser) to achieve, but the main business logic on the server side (Server) to achieve the formation of the so-called three-tier structure. This greatly simplifies the client computer loads, reducing the system maintenance and upgrade costs and workload, reducing the user overall cost (TCO).
As the functional classification of management, each part of the only complete their corresponding logic function, the application makes the whole system efficiency is improved. However, because a part of the function overloading lead to reduced efficiency of the system.
smart client in the design and implementation vary greatly, which includes both the application requirements, but also can use the number of programs and the environment. Therefore, the smart client can take many different forms and styles. According to smart client applications for the platform, these forms can be divided into three categories: 1 Windows smart client application 2 Office smart client application 3 mobile smart client applications for smart client applications one or more of these platforms is a very common situation, depending on the user role and the need to function. This flexibility is a smart client application, one of the main strengths.
software applications in the process has encountered many problems, from early to late software crisis to solve this crisis of high-level language and project management approach, is to solve customers increasing due to demand brought about, the software provides the functionality to the software implementation of the various requirements. Because of this growth is people own learning and work and the deepening of an inherent human potential changes caused by the pursuit of. This makes software development but also with the growing desire of people combined.
. NET framework allows you to be strong components of the application name, which means that applications can be used to specify the exact version of the build and test the components, and run through these versions of the components. . NET Framework enables applications isolated from each other in order to install an application that will not break another application, and multiple versions of the same application can be deployed side by side. These features greatly simplify application deployment, and eliminates a lot of fat client applications and associated application vulnerabilities.
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most of the time even when the client is connected to the network, smart client applications can also be intelligently cache data and manage connections to improve performance and availability. For example, in low-bandwidth or high latency environments, smart client applications can be managed with a special connection, that is, without prejudice to the application availability and responsiveness, and the user can continue to work effectively. By enabling users to disconnect or connect only occasionally the case of work to improve user productivity and satisfaction. Smart client applications should be committed to provide as much as possible in the offline functionality.
mobile smart client applications are used to provide important data and services, mobile access, or when the user is mobile data collection and integration. Examples of these types of applications are insurance and financial data collection applications, inventory management applications and personal productivity management application.
–
smart client can be a smart client application designed to make it by far the traditional fat client applications more intelligent and flexible way to manage their deployment and update. They can avoid these common problems, and to help reduce application management costs. Introduction
where we can make a simple conclusion to explain the structure most suitable of these three occasions. C / S structure is only applicable to small local area network, to do some of the more flexible client application; B / S structure is suitable for wide area network (Internet); Smart Client is a sector in C / S and B / S structure between a integrated use of these two kinds of structure needs a bit of the system can determine the range of Smart Client. Of course, such as Smart Client also cause some special development expenditure, the development team for such a structure requires a considerable understanding of this will give full play to the power of Smart Client.
run just because the client browser. Then displayed in the browser for the content in the design phase should also consider the many. However, due to current technical reasons, resulting in the client display is far from C / S in the direct use of client resources to the framework that was so simple and so flexible.
Since the client is using the browser, so the software development requires only server-side, which greatly reduces development costs. And because using the same protocol, then the client with a browser on the system requirements also reduced. Operating system not to C / S structure, as must be limited to a particular operating system. In the B / S can be applied under a variety of operational tasks to complete their full play to the B / S structure more selective.
When we think of fat client applications, we often may think of using the available system resources and provides a rich user interface of desktop applications. For Windows smart client application is in the traditional rich client applications developed on the basis of, and provide specific targets for specific functions.
The whole process of the browser replaces the previous C / S structure of the Client-side applications. In fact, in some ways in terms of B / S structure is on the Internet and other wide-area network in the C / S structure evolution. This is relatively common browser client software to replace the existing client program can not be universal.
here summarize B / S structure of the software system What are the disadvantages:
three. B / S structure of the shortcomings
B / S:
in the “no silver bullet” and said “there is no any kind of purely technical or management on the progress, to be independent within a decade commitment to productivity, reliability or simplicity to obtain order of magnitude improvement. ” In other words, whether from technology or from the management of our work can not really expect us to achieve a qualitative improvement. We can only continue to accumulate through continuous review and to gradually make our work in the quantitative direction do better. We are not going to be too dependent on technology or management will bring us much change.
one. What is a Smart Client?
able to perceive the target device capabilities and use of the environment (whether it is a desktop, laptop, tablet or mobile device), and the ability to customize the application to provide the most appropriate features, which are many smart client applications The basic characteristics.
Note This guide does not contain specific on mobile devices running smart client application development architecture and design details, however, whether the application is running on a desktop computer or other devices, and this guide Many of the topics included equally applicable.
mobile smart client is running on a smart device application, these smart devices including Pocket PC, Smartphone, and other ultra-compact desktop devices (such as set-top box). These applications are used. NET Compact Framework (it is full. NET Framework subset of) development.
1. Yes. Yes. Four. ! In this structure, the user interface is working to achieve through the WWW browser, a very small part of the business logic in the front end (Browser) to achieve, but the main business logic on the server side (Server) to achieve the formation of the so-called three-tier 3-tier structure. This greatly simplifies the client computer loads, reducing the system maintenance and upgrade costs and workload, reducing the user overall cost (TCO).
one.

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